Electromagnetism

 Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental force in nature consisting of the elements Electricity and Magnetism. It involves the study of electromagnetic force. The electromagnetic force is carried by electromagnetic Field's composed of electric Field's and magnetic fields. At the subatomic level, electromagnetism is related to the electromagnetic force that causes the attraction and repulsion of electrically charged particles. when electrically charged particles, such as electrons, are put into motion, they create electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves. For more information visit ethioeducation.org

Electricity and Magnetism have been known to human for a long time. The relationship between Electricity and Magnetism was discovered 1819 when, during lecture demonstration, Hans Christian Oersted Found that an electric current in a wire deflected a nearby compass needle. His Experiment provided the first reproducible observation of a relationship between Electricity and Magnetism, A current carrying wire produced a magnetic field whose strength and direction depends on the amount of current flowing and direction of the current. 

In the 1820s further connection's between Electricity and Magnetism were demonstrated independently by Faraday and Joseph Henry (1797-1878). They showed that an electric current can be produced in a circuit either by moving a magnet near the circuit or by changing the current in a nearby circuit.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ELECTRIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FIELD

The SI unit of an electric field is Newton/ Coulomb, Whereas the SI unit of magnetic Field is Tesla.

The region around the electric charge where the electric force exists is called an electric field. The region around the magnet where the pole of the magnetic exhibits a force of attraction or repulsion is called a magnetic field.

The electromagnetic Field's produces by a unit pole charge, i.e., either by a positive or through a negative charge, whereas the magnetic field caused by a dipole of the magnet (i.e., the north and south pole).

The electric field lines start on a positive charge and end on a negative charge, whereas the magnetic field lines do not have starting and ending point.

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Electromagnetic Induction

 Electricity and Magnetism were considered as separate and unrelated phenomena for a long time. In the early decades of the ninete Electromagnetic Induction enth century, experiments on electric current by Oersted, Ampere and a few others established the fact that electricity and Magnetism are inter-related. They found that moving electric charges produce Magnetic Field's. 

In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that Magnets could be used to generates electricity. He showed that a charging or variable Magnetic field can produce an electromotive (emf). This e.m.f produces an induced current in a closed circuit. We Call this effect Electromagnetic induction. This discovery led Faraday to invent the Dynamo (generator) through the use of electromagnetic Induction. The phenomenon of electromagnetic Induction is not only of theoretical or academic interest, but also of practical utility. Imagine a world where there is no electricity, no ELECTRIC lights, no teains, no telephones, and no personal computers. 

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Magnetic Flux 

Faraday's great insight lay in discovering a simple mathematical relation to explain the series of experiments he carried out on Electromagnetic induction. 

Magnetic Flux is a measure of the total Magnetic lines of force which passes through a given area A. 

The SI unit of magnetic Flux is Weber (Wb).

 

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

The discovery and understanding of Electromagnetic Induction are based on a long series of experiments carried out by Faraday and Henry. From the experimental observations, Faraday concluded that an emf is when the magnetic Flux across the coil changes with time.

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction and Lena's Law 

Faraday's Law considers how the changing Magnetic fields can cause current to flow in wires. Lenz's law tells about the direction of the current. 

Faraday's Law States that the magnitude of the induced electromotive force (emf) is directly proportional to the rate of the magnetic Flux in a closed coil.

The Negative sign is involved according to Lenz's Law.

Lenz's Law States that the direction of the induced current in the coil is such that it opposes the change that causes the induced emf.

Lenz's Law depends on the principle of conversation of energy and Newton's third law. It is the most convenient method to determine the direction of the induced current. https://ethioeducation.org

Transformers

A Transformers is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the process of Electromagnetic Induction. It's most commonly used to increase ('step up') or decrease ('step down') voltage levels between circuits with out altering the frequency. A Step up Transformer convenients the low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage and steps up the input voltage. For more information click this ethioeducation.org 

What's Modern Ethiopian Education?

 What's Modern Ethiopian Education?

Modern education in Ethiopia is a system that has undergone significant development since its introduction in the early 20th century. Here's a closer look at its key characteristics:

Structure:

• Primary Education: Free and compulsory for eight years, focusing on core subjects like mathematics, Amharic (national working language), English, social studies, and science.
• Secondary Education: Four-year program with two cycles (two years each). Students take a national exam after grade 10 to determine their eligibility for further studies or entry into technical and vocational education.
• Higher Education: Universities and colleges offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various fields. https://ethioeducation.org

Focus:

• Shift from Religious to Secular: Modern education emphasizes secular subjects alongside some religious education, aiming to equip students with the skills necessary to participate in the modern world.
• Focus on Skills: The curriculum is evolving to incorporate more skills-based learning, preparing students for the demands of the job market.
• Challenges: Despite strides towards universal access, limitations in resources, infrastructure, and trained teachers persist. 

Recent Developments:

• Technology Integration: Initiatives are underway to integrate technology into classrooms to enhance learning experiences.
• Focus on Equity: Efforts are being made to address gender disparities in education and ensure equal access for girls and rural communities.

Comparison to Traditional Education:

• Shift from Elitism: Modern education aims to be more inclusive compared to the traditional system, which primarily catered to the sons of nobility and the clergy.
• Focus on Practical Skills: While traditional education offered some practical skills, modern education emphasizes a broader range of skills relevant to the contemporary world.

Overall, modern Ethiopian education faces challenges, but it strives to provide a more accessible and well-rounded education for its youth. The system continues to evolve, aiming to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in the 21st century.  ABZ E Learning Site

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